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VIX Trends and Extremes

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Category: Sentiment

Description:

The VIX (futures or ETF) is a measure of the expected volatility of the S&P 500 over the upcoming month. (There are more details on how this is calculated below)

The level of "expected volatility" in the market is often a good measure of "fear" when the VIX is high, or "complacency" when the VIX is low.

Trends in market sentiment can be a good indication of how likely a market's trend is to persist. Extremes in market sentiment, as measured by Bollinger Bands, could point towards a market reversal.

This chart of the VIX uses two indicators to identify when market sentiment is trending and when it has reached extreme levels. Here is how to read and interpret the chart:

  • Trend of Sentiment: The VIX volatility Index (VIX) (red) identifies the current level and trend in market sentiment. The trend in the VIX as measured by the 50-day moving average (magenta) or 200-day moving average (black) can be viewed as a confirming indicator of the markets trend as also measured by the 50 and 200-day moving averages.
  • A change in trend is indicated by the VIX (red) crossing over the 50-day moving average (magenta) or 200-day moving average (black). A rise over a moving average by the VIX (red) indicates increasingly bearish sentiment that could lead to bearish market action.
  • Sentiment Extremes: Extremes are measured by applying Bollinger bands (blue) to the VIX with the standard settings (20 periods, and +2.2 / -2.2 standard deviations). When the VIX (red) moves outside of the Bollinger band, AND then returns back into the bands, then the market's sentiment may have reached an extreme from which it has begun to reverse.

The formula for calculating VIX is very complex, but a general understanding of how it is calculated may be of interest. It is calculated using the implied volatility of the S&P 500 index options expiring in the next 6 to 44 days. As a result, the value of the VIX is related to how much options traders are willing to pay for options that will expire in the short term. When traders expect or think a large move is possible, they are willing to pay higher prices for options that can take advantage of these moves.